NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 covers What Development Promises, Income and Other Goals, National Development, Comparison of Countries using Per Capita Income, Human Development Index (HDI), and Sustainability of Development.
Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)
1. What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
Short Note:
• Different Goals: Different people can have different development goals. What may be development for one may not be development for another; it may even be destructive for the other (e.g., Construction of dams for industrialists vs displacement of tribals).
• Conflicting Goals: Development goals are often conflicting in nature depending on economic and social standing.
2. Income & Other Goals (Non-Material Goals)
Short Note:
• Income as a Goal: People seek more income for higher purchasing power and better standard of living.
• Non-Material Goals: Besides income, people also seek equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others, and an unpolluted environment.
3. How to Compare Different Countries (Per Capita Income vs HDI)
Short Note:
• Per Capita Income (Average Income): Total income of the country divided by its total population. Used by the World Bank to classify countries into High Income and Low Income countries.
• Limitations of Average Income: It hides disparities and gives no information about how income is distributed among people.
• Human Development Index (HDI): Published by UNDP, compares countries based on educational levels, health status (Life Expectancy at Birth), and Per Capita Income.
4. Sustainability of Development
Short Note:
• Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Resource Depletion: Overuse of renewable resources (like groundwater) and rapid exhaustion of non-renewable resources (like crude oil) pose major threats to sustainable growth.
Intext & Conceptual Questions
2. Example 1: A landless rural laborer seeks more days of work and better wages.
3. Example 2: An urban unemployed youth seeks a stable job and career growth.
2. Limitation: It hides income disparities; a country with a few extremely rich people and many poor people can still have a high per capita income.
Textbook Chapter End Exercise Questions
1. Present development path relies heavily on excessive extraction of non-renewable resources like coal and crude oil.
2. Renewable resources like groundwater are being depleted faster than they can replenish.
3. Environmental degradation and pollution do not respect national or state boundaries.
4. Sustainable development ensures long-term economic prosperity and protects resources for future generations.
1. Income is a material aspect and cannot buy all essential life components like freedom, security, clean air, and health.
2. Standard of living also depends on social indicators such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and literacy rate.
3. UNDP considers health, education, and standard of living together to present a comprehensive measure (HDI) of real human well-being.
Read More & Chapter Resources
These short notes are designed for quick revision. Read the main points once, then use the related material below to practise the same chapter. Revising a concept and checking it with questions can make your preparation more focused.